Physical Therapist Assistant: AMA 11 Citation Style

Items in the AMA Reference List are numbered and cited as they appear in your paper. 

Book

Wasserman K, Hansen JE, Sue DY, et al. Principles of Exercise Testing and Interpretation: Including Pathophysiology and Clinical Applications. 5th ed. Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott William and Wilkins, 2012. 

Book with more than 6 authors

DeLisa JA, Gans BM, Walsh NE, et al. Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation: Principles and Practices. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005.

Book Chapter

Relling MV, Giacomini KM. Pharmacogenomics. In: Brunton LL, Chabner BA, Knollmann BC, eds. Goodman and Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 12th ed.  McGraw-Hill; 2011: 145-168.

Note: Never use roman numerals for the volume number, even if the book’s publisher used them. For example, always type Vol. 2 (not Vol. II). Place the volume number between the title and the edition.

Database Article

Towfighi A, Markovic D, Ovbiagele B. Utility of Framingham coronary disease risk score for predicting cardiac risk after stroke. Stroke. 2012;43(11):2942-2947. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.668319

Journal article viewed online, but the journal does not use DOI

Ng L, Karunasinghe N, Benjamin CS, Ferguson LR. Beyond PSA: are new prostate cancer biomarkers of potential value to New Zealand doctors? N Z Med J. 2012;125(1353). Accessed April 15, 2020. https://www.nzma.org.nz/journal-articles/beyond-psa-are-new-prostate-cancer-biomarkers-of-potential-value-to-new-zealand-doctors/

AMA style has specific abbreviations for journal titles. Look up the journal title in the National Library of Medicine catalog.

Note:  If the article has a DOI listed, use the DOI as part of the citation.  If the article does not have a DOI listed, note the date you accessed the article and include the URL as in the example above. 

Lecture/Class Section/Presentation

Lecture notes are considered unpublished materials, if it's original.  If it's taken from other published materials, please cite the original source (ask your professor). Below are samples of citations for a lecture in a class, and a PowerPoint presentation at a conference.  

Course Lecture or Lecture Notes

Beyer C. Literature searching strategies for allied health professions students. Lecture presented at: PTA180 Research in Education; September 25, 2015; North Chicago, IL. 

Newspaper Article

Pollack A. Drug saves fertility for women with cancer. The New York Times. May 31, 2014:B1, B6.

Note:  For videos, including YouTube videos, provide the author only if you are sure that person created the video. Do not list the person posting the video online as the author.  If you are unsure, treat the citation as having no author.

Print Journal Article

Zoccali C, Maio R, Mallamaci F, Sesti G, Perticone F. Uric acid and endothelial dysfunction in essential hypertension. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006;17(5):1466-1471.

Unpublished Materials:  Items Presented at a Meeting but Not Yet Published (oral or poster presentation examples)

Durbin D, Kallan M, Elliott M, Arbogast K, Cornejo R, Winston F. Risk of injury to restrained children from passenger air bags.  Paper presented at: 46th Annual Meeting of the Assocation for the Advancement for Automotive Medicine; September 2002; Tempe, AZ.

Videos with an author

Gendler, T.  Philosophy and the Science of Human Nature. Published April 5, 2012. Accessed July 31, 2018.YouTube. https://youtu.be/mUHYlyacMmA.

Videos without an author

What Patients Need to know before Going to a Baseball Game! Published March 26, 2018. Accessed July 31, 2018. https://youtu.be/pBK-b__zJpU.

Website

Physical therapy guide to balance problems. APTA ChoosePT Guide. February 4, 2015. Accessed March 7, 2020. https://www.choosept.com/symptomsconditionsdetail/physical-therapy-guide-to-balance-problems

In-text citations indicate to your reader that the origin of the idea belongs to one of the sources you consulted. Your reader can use this information to look up the source in your list of references.
AMA uses citation-sequence. This means that the citations are numbered according to their appearance in your paper. They can be referred to in-text repeatedly by the same number. Number the references with superscript numbers which are placed within the sentence or after the punctuation at the end of a sentence. They refer to the corresponding citation in the references list. This means that your references list will be numbered rather than alphabetized. 

How to insert superscript numbers

Instructions for Microsoft Word

1. Type the number of the corresponding citation
2. Highlight the number
3. In the tool ribbon, under Fonts, click superscript

Instructions for Google Docs

1. Type the number of the corresponding citation 
2. Highlight the number
3. In the toolbar, select Format, Text, Superscript